Ontology

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Ontologies are considered as one of the pillars of the Semantic Web, although they do not have a universally accepted definition. A (Semantic Web) vocabulary can be considered as a special form of (usually light-weight) ontology, or sometimes also merely as a collection of URIs with an (usually informally) described meaning.

Ontologies on semanticweb.org are usually assumed to be accompanied by some document in a formal ontology language, though some ontologies do not use standardised formats for that purpose. A list of documents that are considered ontologies in this wiki is given below.

[edit] Definitions

There have been several definitions of what an ontology is.

  • An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization (Tom Gruber, see [1]). Many authors cite this definition.
  • The main thread of ontology in the philosophical sense is the study of entities and their relations. The question ontology asks is: What kinds of things exist or can exist in the world, and what manner of relations can those things have to each other? Ontology is less concerned with what is than with what is possible. Clay Shirky in his critical entry Ontology is overrated [2]. He says this is the first meaning. AI people took the word and rather define it as "an explicit specification of a conceptualization.", pointing to Gruber.
  • ...

(If you add another one, please always cite the source as well)

[edit] Ontologies on semanticweb.org

The following vocabularies and ontologies are currently described on semanticweb.org, ordered by the occurrence on the web as estimated by Swoogle. See also the UMBC Top 100 of common namespaces. As the revision dates given here indicate, some of the below data may require update: feel free to contribute!

Language Swoogle hits Revised
Dublin Core RDF 13643371,364,337 116198640028 October 2006
FOAF OWL DL 619538619,538 112241520027 July 2005
TrackBack RDF 502401502,401
MetaVocab RDF 441790441,790 101381400016 February 2002
Basic Geo Vocabulary RDF Schema 248130248,130 11387484001 February 2006
BIO RDF 220228220,228 10784412005 March 2004
RSS 1.0 RDF Schema 201786201,786 9760572006 December 2000
VCard RDF RDF 181962181,962 98279640022 February 2001
Creative Commons metadata RDF Schema 112216112,216
WOT OWL DL 9729297,292 107749080023 February 2004
SIOC OWL DL 4291142,911 120786480011 April 2008
DOAP RDF Schema 14421,442 11311452005 November 2005
Argumentation Ontology OWL 11 115809840013 September 2006



[edit] Further examples

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